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In history

B.R. Ambedkar

1891–1956

Chairman of the Constitution's drafting committee and the century's sharpest critic of caste. State-led remedy — reservations, the Hindu Code, labour law — argued through constitutional method; converted to Buddhism in 1956.

Furthest from the middle on Recognition, toward Group remedies.

Where they stand

B.R. Ambedkar on each of the seven scales, from one pole to the other.

  • Welfare

    −8.0
    Expansive state provisionMinimal/targeted provision
  • Markets

    −7.0
    State-led developmentMarket-led development
  • Formal equalityGroup remedies
  • Nation

    −8.0
    PluralistMajoritarian
  • Authority

    −1.0
    Civil libertiesStrong state
  • Culture

    −9.0
    Personal autonomyTraditional norms
  • CentreStates

The record, axis by axis

Every placement is scored on what was said and done — manifestos, legislation, the governing record — and calibrated against the same trade-offs the quiz asks about.

  1. Welfare

    −8.0
    Expansive state provisionMinimal/targeted provision

    Placement confidencehigh

    'States and Minorities' (1947) proposed state-owned insurance and state provision as constitutional obligations, not policy choices

  2. Markets

    −7.0
    State-led developmentMarket-led development

    Placement confidencehigh

    The same text demanded nationalisation of key industry and of agriculture through collective farms — though as a trained economist he rejected Soviet-style compulsion

  3. Formal equalityGroup remedies

    Placement confidencehigh

    Architect of Articles 15(4) and 16(4), demanded separate electorates and conceded reserved seats in the Poona Pact under Gandhi's fast, and wrote 'Annihilation of Caste'; the entire constitutional grammar of group remedy is his

  4. Nation

    −8.0
    PluralistMajoritarian

    Placement confidencehigh

    Renounced Hinduism for Buddhism in 1956 and drafted a constitution of equal citizenship with no religious character for the state

  5. Authority

    −1.0
    Civil libertiesStrong state

    Placement confidencemedium

    Built Article 32 as the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution, but his 'grammar of anarchy' speech rejected satyagraha once constitutional means existed

  6. Culture

    −9.0
    Personal autonomyTraditional norms

    Placement confidencehigh

    The Hindu Code Bill — divorce, monogamy, women's inheritance — and he resigned from Cabinet in 1951 when it was blocked

  7. CentreStates

    Placement confidencehigh

    Called the Constitution federal 'but with a strong Centre', and designed Article 356, the single judiciary and the Union List's dominance

And where do you stand?

Answer the same trade-offs yourself and get your seven readings, on the scales you just read.

Nearest to them

The figures