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In history

V.D. Savarkar

1883–1966

Author of 'Hindutva' (1923) — the nation defined by Hindu peoplehood — and Hindu Mahasabha president. An atheist rationalist against caste orthodoxy who nonetheless built the majoritarian case that outlived him.

Furthest from the middle on Nation, toward Majoritarian.

Where they stand

V.D. Savarkar on each of the seven scales, from one pole to the other.

  • Expansive state provisionMinimal/targeted provision
  • State-led developmentMarket-led development
  • Formal equalityGroup remedies
  • Nation

    +10.0
    PluralistMajoritarian
  • Civil libertiesStrong state
  • Culture

    −3.0
    Personal autonomyTraditional norms
  • CentreStates

The record, axis by axis

Every placement is scored on what was said and done — manifestos, legislation, the governing record — and calibrated against the same trade-offs the quiz asks about.

  1. Expansive state provisionMinimal/targeted provision

    Placement confidencelow

    Hindu Mahasabha addresses prioritised militarisation and industrial strength over provision, with hostility to socialism as nationally divisive

  2. State-led developmentMarket-led development

    Placement confidencelow

    Pro-industrialisation and explicitly anti-Gandhian on the machine question; treated Communism as an enemy doctrine

  3. Formal equalityGroup remedies

    Placement confidencemedium

    Campaigned against untouchability and built the Patit Pavan Mandir open to all castes, but his remedy was assimilation into one Hindu nation, and he opposed separate electorates and special provisions

  4. Nation

    +10.0
    PluralistMajoritarian

    Placement confidencehigh

    Coined Hindutva and its punyabhu-pitrubhu test, articulated the two-nation position at Ahmedabad in 1937, and made Hindu Rashtra the goal

  5. Civil libertiesStrong state

    Placement confidencemedium

    'Militarise Hindudom' and a centralised state consolidating the nation — from someone who was himself a revolutionary against state authority in his youth

  6. Culture

    −3.0
    Personal autonomyTraditional norms

    Placement confidencemedium

    Rationalist against the 'seven shackles': attacked cow worship as superstition, advocated widow remarriage, inter-caste dining and marriage, and rejected scriptural authority

  7. CentreStates

    Placement confidencemedium

    A unitary Hindu Rashtra of one nation and one culture, opposed to linguistic-provincial fragmentation

And where do you stand?

Answer the same trade-offs yourself and get your seven readings, on the scales you just read.

Nearest to them

The figures